Coyote Blog

Via Andrew Sullivan

What Freddie [DeBoer] is arguing is that, far from treating genetic inequality as a taboo, the left should actually lean into it to argue for a more radical re-ordering of society. They shouldn’t ignore genetics, or treat it as unmentionable, or go into paroxysms of fear and alarm over “eugenics” whenever the subject comes up. They should accept that inequality is natural, and construct a politics radical enough to counter it.

For DeBoer, that means ending meritocracy — for “what could be crueler than an actual meritocracy, a meritocracy fulfilled?” It means a revolutionary transformation in which there are no social or cultural rewards for higher intelligence, no higher after-tax income for the brainy, and in which education, with looser standards, is provided for everyone on demand — for the sake of nothing but itself.

This has been coming for years in the labor movement -- requirements to use seniority over performance for layoffs, ban the box laws, lawsuits over reference checks, attacks on gig economy where rewards are tied to performance, etc.  Way back in 2010 I worried that the increasing restrictions on what information could be used in hiring stemmed from this same desire

That being said, as someone who has 500 service employees working for me, I understand the insatiable desire for information on employee reliability and conscientiousness.  A large number of our employees we hire who interview well tend to get released within 60 days of their hire.  I can't tell you how many people who seem totally normal and friendly turn out to be raving maniacs in stressful customer contact situations.

The elephant in the room that neither McArdle or folks like Kevin Drum mention is that businesses are starved for [reliable] information on potential employees.  It used to be the best source was to check job references.  Nowadays, though, very few employers will give a honest job reference, or will provide any information at all.  I know I am guilty of that -- my company does not allow any manager to give out performance data on past employees.  I only needed to be sued once over somehow interfering with someone's living by giving honest information about that employee's reliability to change my behavior.

I understand that this is exactly what the Left is shooting for - an environment where the competent have no advantage over the incompetent.  If employers are resorting to FICO scores, it just demonstrates how all the other reasonable avenues of obtaining information have been closed to them.

A number of folks thought the bit in bold overwrought, but I still feel this is directionally correct.  Clearly DeBoer defines an extreme.  I think the actual goal of the Left could be better stated as wanting to make all employment decisions based not so much on competence but on credentials, credentials that are awarded via processes and institutions controlled by the Left (and that might over time be awarded as much for political orthodoxy as for learning relevant skills).  Which, by the way, is pretty much exactly how the Soviet Union worked.  And is pretty much how tenure works at most universities today.

• I found the immediate arguments about filling the Supreme Court vacancy literally seconds after the announcement of her death to be extremely distasteful.
• I think the idea that she somehow betrayed her supporters by not retiring when a Democratic President was in office with a Senate majority is outrageous.  Court justices shouldn't be in the mode of actively managing the Court's ideological makeup.  That's a political process.  And yes, I say this despite the fact that I would not choose to have the Trump-McConnell axis filling the Court.
• I know several young people who looked to her as a role model, which in the judiciary likely puts her in a Venn diagram circle of one person (unless someone is selling a set of 9th circuit trading cards that I have missed).
• As with most libertarians, I liked some of her decisions and disagreed with others.  Of the latter, Kelo (in the majority) and Citizens United (in the minority, fortunately) stick most in my mind as betrayals of individual rights in the face of expanding government power.
• I think people would be surprised (given the tone of media coverage of the Supreme Court) how many decisions are 9-0
• The way we focus on the Supreme Court almost solely through the abortion lens is frustrating to me.  Can't we have a second Supreme Court, whose job is just to twiddle the abortion knob and the original can be left alone to handle the 99% of the other business the Court addresses?

If you want to get right down to the core of the disagreement on responses to COVID, this post by Kevin Drum illustrates it perfectly.  Start with this:

My usual daily look at COVID-19 deaths was posted a few minutes ago, but I thought it might be worthwhile to also give you a quick look at COVID-19 cases. As you can see, they’re going up all over the place. Spain, France, and the Netherlands are skyrocketing. The United States skyrocketed back in July and looks like it’s now turning upward for a third time. The UK is going up, and so was Switzerland until a week ago, when it suddenly slammed the brakes on. Even Germany is rising a bit.

If we weed out exaggerated language like "skyrocketing" and ignore things like testing sensitivity and frequency, this statement is largely true.  The difference is how people interpret it, and the world splits into the Whitmer clan and the Sweden clan.  Drum speaks for the Whitmer tribe:

it sure looks as if even a modest re-opening quickly causes cases to boil over. ... Still, it’s obvious that we shouldn’t let up. The only way to keep cases and deaths down is to rigorously maintain social distancing precautions. If only we could get our president to agree.

For Drum and the Whitmer tribe, evidence that loosening of harsh lockdowns is followed by increasing COVID cases is proof that we should never stop lockdowns, at least until everyone is vaccinated with a vaccine that does not exist, may not exist, and will not exist for most of us until well into next year.

For those of us in the Sweden tribe, we come to exactly the opposite conclusion from the same evidence:  that lockdowns only pointlessly drag out the pandemic and artificially increase its costs, since no matter how long we hide, the disease is still there to infect us when we come out.  As I wrote last week:

All lockdowns do is delay the onset of the disease, not avoid it, and thus add severe economic dislocation, increased poverty, domestic violence, alcoholism, suicide and any number of other negative lockdown effects to the inevitable toll of the disease.  If we are doing anything at all to affect the course of the disease, we are stretching out the misery.

I go on to write that lockdowns make protection of the vulnerable harder.  I have two examples -- my 85+ year old mother-in-law and a bunch of immune compromised kids we support via Care Camps.  In both cases it's easy to keep them locked away for a few months.  But what happens when that stretches to 7 months?  Does my mother-in-law want to spend her all too precious remaining days locked inside?  Are we helping sick kids by essentially imprisoning them alone?

This may sound over-the-top, but I could argue that it is the duty of all of us who are under 60 and in good health to go out and risk exposure to the disease and get our society to herd immunity so the vulnerable can be safe and stop self-incarcerating.  I say this knowing the Mr. Drum may be among the immune compromised and particularly vulnerable.

My Now-Standard COVID Postscript:  I am not a fan of "check your privilege" retorts, but if one accepts that framework for a moment, one might notice just how privileged the exhortation to "Lock down, work from home, and stay in touch with friends over Zoom" really is.  Listen to the folks rooting for lockdowns and you will find that the vast majority

• have professional jobs that can be done from home
• continue to get paid even when they don't work at all (e.g. teachers and politicians)
• have a lot of savings

A large number also tend to ignore the rules they foist on everyone else.

Update:  I am still working on data, but the declaration of second and third waves is often BS.  In most cases, these so-called second waves are the first waves in areas that were not affected earlier.  New York has had one wave.  Arizona has had one wave, just later.  Louisiana has had two waves, but it is a unique case due to the timing of Mardi Gras.

There is a debate raging between the usual suspects as to whether the larger fires in California are the inevitable result of manmade climate change or whether they are the result of poor forest management practices.  For this post I actually am not going to weigh in right on this , except to say that long-time readers will know I am skeptical of most claims that tie tail-of-the-distribution events to manmade CO2 and I find it hard to correlate large fire loss years with actual temperature / drought data for the same year.

For a moment, let's accept that the fires this year are due to the climate change effects from rising manmade CO2.    As of today, CO2 makes up 412.55 ppm of the atmosphere (0.0412%).  To the extent that this number is driven upwards mainly by manmade CO2 (it was about 370 or 0.037% at the turn of the century), this is the lowest this number is going to be in your lifetime.   Even fast, drastic action in the US is only going to lower our CO2 emissions somewhat (as long as we stop short of sending the economy back to the stone age).  And even if we do go full paleo on the economy, India and China will continue emitting away.  This number will keep rising for decades, and even if we get to the point of reversing the rise, that would take decades more to get back to where it is today.  Note how far we have dialed back the world economy in 2020, and you can't even see a difference in the slope of the CO2 concentration curve.

I personally don't believe that manmade CO2 is the primary control knob on the climate, but for those of you who do, the temperature and drought conditions in California (by your assumptions) are the best this year that they will ever be again in your lifetime, even with dramatic climate action.

So do your thing on CO2 -- I have proposed a carbon tax plan that works here -- but using the need for climate action as an excuse for avoiding the forest management issues is absolutely irresponsible.  As I have shown above, if this is caused by CO2 then the need for mitigation and defensive actions to make forests more robust to fire is more rather than less crucial because CO2 is only going to go up in the coming years.

My company operates over a hundred Forest Service campgrounds in California, and over a hundred more in Oregon and Washington.  My employees live right in the middle of these forests you see burning down on the news -- the Sierra, the Sequoia, the Mt Hood, etc.  We see the condition of these forests up close, and it is terrible.  There is fuel laying everywhere, in part due to massive bark beetle tree kills and in part due to the natural aging of forests.   These forests are like houses with matches and oily rags lying all over the floor.  They need to be cleaned up.

I know environmentalists have a beautiful vision of our forests returning to their primeval state, free of active human intervention.  But that is never going to happen, at least in California.  There are simply too many people living in and around the forests.  In fact, we have increasingly found ourselves in a position that is worse than either total non-intervention or active management.  We intervene to put out small fires that burn up fuel when the fuel loads are low, thus letting fuel build up until we get catastrophic fires.

Real estate investment trusts (REIT's) have had their stock values pounded in the last six months, and is it any wonder?  Many have tenants who aren't even allowed to open, who are slowly (or quickly) going bankrupt and not paying their rent bills.  Industrial REITs are doing OK (particularly those that specialize in data centers and e-commerce warehouses), but will shopping malls ever come back under the Amazon/COVID 1-2 punch?  Will office real estate survive now that many companies are getting more comfortable with work at home?

I picked up a few REIT stocks at the bottom I thought had been pounded too far, and was lucky to have Warren Buffet jump into one of them after me ($STOR).  Which got me to looking at office REITs.  We have seen stories like the ones of REI giving up their entire headquarters for work at home.  Many people reading this may still be working at home.  Large companies may continue to pay their rent until their leases run out, but will anyone be renewing those leases in the future?

At first, my answer was that the commercial office real estate business was going to suck for many years, and I have not totally changed my mind on that (relatively obvious) conclusion.  But then I started to think about a few things that have happened to me in the last few weeks

• My banker, who was working at home, was unable to complete a couple of tasks I needed from him because Bank of America would not allow him to handle certain confidential information in his home or via his home computer
• I rented an extra office for a new HR director I have added to my own company -- not because she really wants an office or uses it much -- but because we had to have a secure locked location to store confidential employee files
• Working with my attorney on a deal has been inefficient because he does not have access to files and certain resources at the law firm

This raises a question -- is some amount of commercial real estate necessary just for security concerns (banking, financial data, employee data, HIPAA, legal correspondence)?  Perhaps in the near term.  But if we really get more comfortable with working remotely, then the ultimate solution is not to keep expensive office space for file cabinets and secure networks but to create document and data management models that secure data even when everyone is working remotely.  There are a lot of pieces to this, but some of them include

• Hardware/Software solutions to secure notoriously poorly secured home networks and computers
• More commitment to HRIS and on-boarding systems to move all employee paperwork off paper and into the cloud
• A return to some of the "paperless office" services that really did not catch on.  For example, services that receive all company mail and scan it and then distribute it digitally.
• For old dead tree documents, which I guarantee will still exist, more use of 3rd party / remote file management and storage solutions

I am quite convinced there are going to be some new businesses here -- and so far we have zoom and not much else.  If I was in technology, I would be thinking if I had the technology or the position to solve problems in this space.

One company that intrigues me is Iron Mountain ($IRM).  They have said nothing that I have seen in their marketing about post-COVID opportunities, but their business model (a combination of paper and digital document management and storage solutions) seems a good fit.  I think they are sitting in a very interesting spot to benefit from the post-COVID work environment, and I have bought a block for my portfolio (which is not that painful to hold on the come because it also pays an 8.5% dividend).

PS-  I am not an investment advisor and just have fun casually thinking out loud about investments and markets, from time to time.  The vast majority of my money is invested in my own business, which, through absolutely no foresight on my part, happens to be in one of the few retail segments and virtually the only hospitality segment to see record revenues this year (camping).  I am trying to think about long positions because, like someone who only recently gave up smoking, I am trying my absolute best to give up on shorting stocks -- it is just too painful in this nutty market *cough* Tesla *cough*.   With my skepticism I bring to most things, shorting is a natural fit for me but there is only so much pain I am willing to endure to fight an overly-active Fed and an overly-dormant SEC (this article plus my personal experience caused me to capitulate).  I do still have a few shorts on the books, including $tsla of course for tradition sake, but these now amount to what are essentially bar bets.

I saw this story in my feed reader today:  

the Dallas Cowboys cheerleader reality show — consider it the Hard Knocks of cheerleading — is back for its 15th season. CMT announced today it’s bringing back Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders: Making the Team for one of the more interesting seasons in show history due to COVID-19.

I have never even heard of this show, much less seen it, and it is on its 15th season**.  In my youth, any show on its 15th season would have been known to all, whether one watched it or not.  Fewer than 10 prime-time series before the year 2000 even made it to 15 seasons, and even the ones that made only 9 or 10 seasons were part of the national zeitgeist and familiar to about everyone (e.g. Gunsmoke, MASH, Cheers, Hawaii 5-0, Perry Mason, Beverly Hillbillies, etc.).  It's amazing to me how niche shows can find an audience and continue to make economic sense today in a totally different way than used to be possible.

Modern music, of course, has been through roughly the same changes.  Of the eleven albums with the longest runs as Billboard #1, only one (Adele 21) was released in this millenium and only one other after 1990.

Quick:  According to Wikipedia, what is the longest running show on cable at 44 seasons?  That is 5 more seasons than ESPN SportsCenter.  I could not have named it if you had given me 200 guesses.

** I am not dissing the show or its audience.  If you love this show, there likely is another example out there of a show on its 15th season of which you have never heard.

Well, it is that time of the year when Valley Metro, the Phoenix area transit authority, publishes its fiscal year (July-June) ridership numbers, and boy are they awful this year.

In past installments, I have pointed out how our shift to funding a ridiculous light rail system in one of the least dense cities in the world has killed transit ridership.  Since rail costs more than 10x per passenger mile to move riders vs busses, the shift to light rail tends to starve bus funding in every city it has been tried, leading to net losses (even pre-Covid) in total ridership numbers -- yes even in Portlandia.  This is all discussed more in our 2019 transit report.  Here is a brief bit:

The problem with light rail (and the reason it is popular with government officials) is that it is an upper middle class boondoggle.  There can be no higher use of transit than to provide mobility to poorer people who can't afford reliable automobiles.  Buses fulfill this goal better than any mode of transit.  They are flexible and can reach into many corners of the city.  The problem with buses, from the perspective of government officials, is that upper middle class people don't like to ride on them.  They like trains.  So the government builds hugely expensive trains for these influential, wealthier voters. Since the trains are so expensive, the government can only build a few routes, so those routes end up being down upper middle class commuting corridors.  As the costs mount for the trains, the bus routes that serve the poor and their dispersed commuting destinations are steadily cut.

Without further delay, here are the updated numbers including 2020. (Tellingly, Valley Metro has for some reason failed to update its chart on its ridership web page to include 2020 numbers.   I wonder why?)

As you can see, even before COVID we were trending towards a total system ridership decline vs. the days before the commitment to light rail.  And we certainly had killed the growth in system ridership we had seen prior to light rail.  But now, with 3-4 months of COVID in the numbers, ridership has fallen off the map.  Boy, I sure bet we would be better off right now with a bus only system where capacity is easier to add, subtract, and relocate vs. light rail whose costs and routes are literally sunk in the ground.  I have no opinion on whether transit ridership will return to pre-COVID levels but I am sure that such massive disruptions in the system are far easier to economically manage in a bus network than in a rail network.

But you will be happy to know that Valley Metro is still spending money to put rails in the ground -- in fact, it has accelerated its spending post-COVID if you can believe it:

Phoenix is ramping up its light rail system despite record-breaking declines in ridership spurred by COVID-19.

Light rail ridership is down a little over 50% from where it was pre-COVID-19, according to Valley Metro CEO Scott Smith. Bus ridership is down about 40%.

Light rail construction hasn't slowed, however. In fact, Valley Metro has accelerated some projects, taking advantage of less vehicle traffic on the road while more people stay home.

Does this make a bit of sense?  Here is the defense:

But with ridership at all-time lows and no indication as to when ridership will return at pre-pandemic levels, is it smart to continue with pricey expansion of the light rail system?

"I think if we used that same logic, we'd say 'Let's go tear down all the movie theaters and all the stadiums.' Nobody expects this to be around forever. We're going to at some point in time, whether it be in the next month or the next year, return to some normalcy," Smith said.

Ooh, @Scott_SmithAZ has obviously had an expensive education that includes lessons in how to defend a bad position using logical fallacies.  Comparing expanding light rail to tearing down movie theaters is a false analogy.  No one is talking about tearing out light rail (well, maybe except for me).  The appropriate comparison is to ask if anyone is saying "let's go build a bunch of new movie theaters and sports stadiums" right now, and the answer is definitely no.

But don't despair, Phoenix taxpayers.  Because Valley Metro is clearly carefully considering its routes and is only building those to locations they are sure will be super popular both during and after COVID.  For example, one current expansion is to connect the existing network to... an aging shopping mall.

A couple of years ago I wrote about the 1994 Myra Sadker book "Failing at Fairness,"  a book that tried to make the case that girls were getting hosed (as compared to boys) by the US educational system.  Leaving aside my general sense that all kids of all races and genders are getting hosed by the current public school system, the idea that girls were doing worse in education was already wrong in 1994 and is demonstrably ridiculous today.  I showed these charts at the time.  First from the indispensable Mark Perry:

In this second chart, even the New York Times has noticed

Really, one only needs to go look at the unemployed knuckleheads living in their parents' house and rioting for Antifa to know we have a boy problem today, not a girl problem.  But I wanted to add one more piece of data, from some research I cannot vouch for in Self.  The income results for young women are about what you would expect from the education data above, and the crossover (somewhat coincidentally because it is dependent on start date chose) almost exactly matches the crossover in the education data.

Perhaps it has always been so, but we live in a time when our social science mythology is really divorced from social science data.

Granted, I am not a large tenant in my building.  I have about a thousand square feet of office space, but we are doubling the size of the company and I sent a note a number of days ago to my building management asking if I could look at getting perhaps twice as much space.

The building is at least half empty and many of the tenants they do have look to be checking out.  So I sortof expected some response, but today I had to follow up to a list of several people at my landlord with an email that said

Uh, hello?

I know I am a small tenant but with a half empty building and COVID uncertainty I sort of expected some sort of positive response

The one thing I have learned is that there are definitely some odd incentives in the real estate world.  One that I have found striking is that, at least for my landlord, maintaining growing average rental rates is more important than occupancy or cash flow.  In several cases, in a perennially half-empty building, they have let even large tenants walk and leave space open for years rather than give on rates.  Is this maybe an agency problem, where the rental staff have different metrics and incentives than the owners?  Or maybe it is a function of trying to sell the property, where a new owner who thinks they are good at filling space will care more about average rental rates than occupancy?

Note the new ETF products:

GraniteShares has listed 18 ETPs offering three-times leveraged and inverse exposures to popular US-listed stocks.

The 18 leveraged and inverse ETPs are listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) with a total expense ratio of 0.99%.

The stocks covered include most of the momentum Robinhood favorites, including Tesla, Uber, and Apple.  Nothing says "top of the market" like investing in the "GraniteShares 3x Long Tesla Daily ETP (3LTS)" whose underlying stock has a PE of like 1200 or even better in the "GraniteShares 3x Long Uber Daily ETP (3LUB)" whose underlying stock has never even come close to being able to calculate a PE.

This was my favorite line, "The ETPs enable sophisticated investors..."  LOL, I am pretty sure that sophisticated investors are able to much more efficiently leverage their trades if they want this much leverage (in any market, but particularly a volatile one, the math of the daily resets means not only a lot of fees, but also a steady value leakage from the fund -- see postscript).

The game is given away in the next line which says, "The range of ETPs is listed at $5.00 per share while most of the underlying stocks trade at prices in excess of $200".  Right, because sophisticated investors can't come up with $200 for a single share.   This product is obviously aimed, entirely inappropriately, at new Robinhood style NOOBS day-trading with their unemployment check and who grew up in an era when stocks only go up (and whose value is, like Bitcoin, untethered to any fundamental).

This is sleazy as hell -- avoid it at all costs.

Postscript:  Here is an example of the result of the leakage math that just gets worse in a volatile market like we have had this year.  Consider two existing S&P500 3x leveraged funds, SPXS is triple short and SPXL is triple long.  The S&P is up 8% for the year, so the average investor would think, "so, SPXS is down 24% and SPXL is up 24%"?  But that is not right, because of the daily recalculation in a volatile market.  We will ignore the math (sometime I might post a spreadsheet) but the result is this:  With the S&P500 up 8% YTD, the SPXS is down a whopping 60% and the SPXL is DOWN (not up) but down almost 9% -- you can see this right on their web site.  You would have been better off in either case just to buy or short SPXX with leverage.   You might have even been better with options -- making leveraged bets on momentum stocks generally means one expects volatility, and at least options increase rather than decrease in value with volatility.  You have to deal with expiration and theta in options, but as we have seen these leveraged funds have their own theta-like behavior over time.

Warning:  I am not, not, not an expert nor a licensed investment advisor or any other sort of advisor.  But take my word for it -- don't buy these.

Chinese online educational company GSX announced today that the SEC had opened a probe into their finances, potentially reminiscent of the Luckin Coffee and Wirecard investigations that revealed all sorts of fraud inflating reported revenues and profits.  In all these cases, private investors and journalists began reporting the fraud long before government agencies ever got interested.

I have always found stories of business frauds to be fascinating.  I am not sure why this is, but it may be in part because I really got sucked into the Enron cult, in part due to my working briefly with Jeff Skilling at McKinsey on Enron.  It took me a long time to accept the core of the Enron fraud (thanks to combined efforts of Smartest Guys in the Room and Conspiracy of Fools)** and since then I have taken a won't-get-fooled-again approach, I think.   So much so that I have probably become unhealthily skeptical, unable to get excited about investing in much of anything in this market and shading towards the Zero Hedge permabear stance.

Anyway, I like a good business fraud and discovery story (Bad Blood about Theranos and Billion Dollar Whale about Jho Low and 1MDB are good recent examples).  To that end, I found that the Muddy Waters Research paper on GSX is pretty interesting, detailing how they came to the conclusion that most of GSX's customers are actually bots rather than real paying customers.

Disclosure:  I am short GSX

Warning:  I am not a trained expert on infectious diseases, just a well-informed person with scientific training and a bias towards skepticism.   If you are a scientific Catholic (meaning your science can only come from officially-designated authorities) rather than a scientific Protestant (which allows you to take responsibility for your own understanding of the universe) then you might as well skip to the next article.

Hypothesis 1:  It is impossible for a large population in a modern society to hide from the disease.  It might be possible to delay or slow the onset of the disease in the larger group, but until some sort of herd immunity exists, reservoirs of the disease will still remain and spark new infections.   For God sakes we still have whooping cough outbreaks in this country.  Look at COVID disease curve shapes for states and counties -- Some locked down early, some late, some hard, some not at all.  Some required masks and some didn't.  But all the curves look the same shape.

Corollary 1:  All lockdowns do is delay the onset of the disease, not avoid it, and thus add severe economic dislocation, increased poverty, domestic violence, alcoholism, suicide and any number of other negative lockdown effects to the inevitable toll of the disease.  If we are doing anything at all to affect the course of the disease, we are stretching out the misery.

Hypothesis 2:  Individuals can, with some decent probability of success, hide from the disease.  There are those who see a conflict between hypotheses 1 and 2, so let me address that.  There is a very old joke about two men who are camping and are awakened by a very large, angry, hungry bear.  One man starts putting on his tennis shoes.  The other says to him, "you can't outrun that bear" and the first man responds, "I don't have to outrun the bear, I just have to outrun you."  In this story, no matter how much running or hiding is done, its likely unavoidable that 50% of the men will get chomped, but individual action can influence who that 50% is.

Corollary 2:  While we cannot do much about ultimate COVID case counts, because the disease is so selective in who it tends to kill we CAN do a lot to limit the death toll.  We should be protecting seniors and other vulnerable people.  Everyone nods their heads to this.  But logically we should also be encouraging everyone else to get the disease and get us to herd immunity.  I don't want to overstretch the bear analogy, but imagine now that one of the two men were wearing a Kevlar suit.  That person needs to face the bear while the other runs -- the experience may not be pleasant for him, but he will probably survive and thus the total bear death toll will be reduced 100%.

A while back when I was active on Twitter, I wrote that instead of closing colleges, we should have opened them for 8 weeks this summer with no teachers and administrators -- Just leave them alone with a few truckloads of alcohol and condoms.  Soon an entire generation would be immune.  The death rate from COVID in healthy 20-year-olds is microscopic (it appears to be lower than the flu, which killed my 25-year-old nephew btw).  Instead we sent them all home from infection hotspots of NY and Boston to potentially infect grandma.

The best way to test a series of hypotheses that are crafted from historic data is to see if they continue to make sense going forward.  So I bring you this recent story on COVID and Hawaii:

After initially defying fears that its proximity to Japan and popularity with tourists might lead to a massive outbreak, Hawaii is finally facing its very own COVID-19 reckoning.

The state is now struggling with a genuine surge in the month of August after remaining at or near the bottom of the US league tables for the first four months of the pandemic.

For a small state with just 1.4 million residents, Hawaii has a total of 7,260 confirmed cases, 5,549 of which were confirmed within the last month, according to Johns Hopkins data. The state has gone from last or near last to No. 19 in terms of new cases reported daily over the past few weeks.

From mid-March to mid-June, the state saw an average of just 7.9 new cases reported per day. Last week, that average number climbed to 219.

This is terrible news for a state that, at the end of July, had the highest unemployment rate in the US (more than 13%) due to its reliance on tourism.

For me, given my hypotheses about virus responses, this is the least surprising story ever.  But apparently the "experts" are scratching their heads

One infectious disease specialist says the surge is surprising given Hawaii's geography, and the plunge in tourism-related traffic.

"As a public health professional, I expect this to look like New Zealand," he said, referring to the Pacific island nation that isolated itself and had few Covid-19 cases.

Postscript:  I am not a fan of "check your privilege" retorts, but if one accepts that framework for a moment, one might notice just how privileged the exhortation to "Lock down, work from home, and stay in touch with friends over Zoom" really is.  Listen to the folks rooting for lockdowns and you will find that the vast majority

• have professional jobs that can be done from home
• continue to get paid even when they don't work at all (e.g. teachers and politicians)
• have a lot of savings

A large number also tend to ignore the rules they foist on everyone else.

Update:  Relevent to my sort of tongue in cheek college suggestion above

COVID on Campus - Nearly 26,000 Students on 29 Campuses Identified with COVID - But ZERO Hospitalized, ZERO Deaths https://t.co/jJ9wIPl7vk via @gatewaypundit @joehoft

— Jim Hoft (@gatewaypundit) September 8, 2020

• Arizona ICU beds in use for COVID patients fell to 16%, the lowest number of beds in use for COVID since April 10.
• COVID patients, even at the nationally ballyhooed Arizona peak, never reached 60% of ICU beds.   Total ICU capacity utilization never exceeded 91%  (note that these likely overstate the numbers, as a shooting victim who tests positive for COVID can be listed as a COVID patient).

Source

There is something weird about the COVID test and/or test process we are using in AZ.  We are still testing a lot of people every day and the test positive rate for the state is still high, like 5-8% each day.  But the number of new cases is falling rapidly to levels we last saw in May, and the number of hospitalizations have fallen into early April levels.  So what gives?

One anecdotal data point is an employee of ours who tested positive without symptoms (he has other medical issues that brought him into the hospital).  Weeks and weeks later he continues to test positive on followup tests and continues to be entirely asymptomatic.   My hypothesis is that we are retesting the hell out of people and using a test that is overly sensitive and does not really indicate disease activity.

One other note on this same fellow -- he and we are in somewhat of a bind on his employment.  We are working under contract to a division of the Federal government and they require that employees test negative before they return to work.  Many corporations have the same internal policy.  So what do folks in this situation do?  They are likely perfectly safe to everyone but can't get a negative test.  Do they ever get to work again?

Now that the COVID wave in Arizona is receding, the ADHS Data Dashboard finally has come up with a better way to show COVID-related hospital bed use.  Had this been in use at the peak, I think the general panic about overwhelmed hospitals might have been reduced.  I would consider this serious but not disastrous, with some squeezing out of less urgent or delay-able procedures but still with substantial non-COVID capacity remaining.

Postscript:  I have an acquaintance, a man in his late 70's, who passed away this week.  He had a long history of heart issues and had something go wrong again.  The ICU in his area of California was apparently full -- could have been COVID, could have been the fires in the area, but he had to be flown to another.  He passed away at the new location, and I don't know if the ICU shuffle was the cause or a contributor but it certainly did not help.  So I am not arguing ICU loads are not important -- this is why we all were mostly OK with "flatten the curve" (but not necessarily with "hide for months or years until the disease completely goes away").  But the situation has been grossly exaggerated to scare people and that makes me angry.

In many other posts, I have credited BLM for bringing attention to police accountability issues but have criticized them for not doing the hard local work to start fixing things ("defund the police" and looting Apple stores both being, to my mind, equally ineffectual approaches).

My son made me familiar with Campaign Zero, which does seem to be doing the hard local work to change laws and union contracts.  They have state by state and city by city progress lists at passing key pieces of their reform agenda, model legislation, etc.  I also like the fact that while they acknowledge racism as part of the problem, they frame the issue more broadly as a general issue of police violence and accountability.  I don't agree with 100% of their program but as a libertarian I long ago got comfortable making common cause at less than 100% levels of agreement.

Their solutions page is really very impressive, and head and shoulders above most of the popular discourse I see on this topic.  here for example are subpoints under "End For Profit Policing", just one of their 10 action planks.  I love the links to actual model legislation where it exists.  This is how change will happen on this issue.

Police should be working to keep people safe, not contributing to a system that profits from stopping, searching, ticketing, arresting and incarcerating people.

POLICY SOLUTIONS

End police department quotas for tickets and arrests

Ban police departments from using ticket or arrest quotas to evaluate the performance of police officers

(Ex: Illinois law)

Limit fines and fees for low-income people

Pass policies requiring local governments to:

• ban issuing fines or arrest warrants for civilians who fail to appear in court for a traffic citation (Ex: Ferguson Policy)
• ban generating more than 10% of total municipal revenue from fines and fees (Ex: Missouri law)
• allow judges discretion to waive fines and fees for low-income people or initiate payment plans (Ex: Pennsylvania law)
• prohibit courts from ordering individuals on parole or probation to pay supervision fees and other correctional fees

Prevent police from taking the money or property of innocent people

Prohibit police from:

• seizing property of civilians (i.e. civil forfeiture) unless they are convicted of a crime and the state establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the property is subject to forfeiture
• keeping any property that has legally been forfeited (instead, this property should go to a general fund)
• participating in the federal Equitable Sharing program that allows police to engage in civil asset forfeiture

(Ex: New Mexico law)

Require police departments to bear the cost of misconduct

• Require the cost of misconduct settlements to be paid out of the police department budget instead of the City's general fund
• Restrict police departments from receiving more money from the general fund when they go over-budget on lawsuit payments

As I observe it currently, the three strategies currently being taken by Progressives to increase police accountability are

1. Demonizing all police officers, good and bad
2. Making large cuts to police budgets and/or salaries
3. Looting Apple stores

I have lamented before that none of these approaches are likely to succeed at reforming police accountability or more broadly at helping black Americans.  Remember that while black Americans disproportionately come in contact with police and the justice system, they also are disproportionately victims of crime.  All the current approaches listed above are unlikely to improve the police and justice system but may make crime worse.

One of the seldom discussed differences between Progressives and libertarians in this country is their skill set for change.  Progressives are very good at creating a "moment" where everyone in the country is forced to look at an issue and potentially agree that change is needed.  Progressives can grab both the streets and the headlines.  But they often suck at the hard work making real change happen in a Democratic system.  They don't seem to have an interest in the drawn out 3-yards-and-a-cloud-of-dust offense needed to make reforms city by city.  Libertarians are just the opposite.  We suck at building mass desire for change -- we write 5000 word think pieces with lots of graphs but you don't see us in the streets.  But we can be good at actually getting change to happen -- I think of ALEC (which is really more Conservative than libertarian, but work with me here) and how it works.  Let's say we decide it would be a good thing to have legal authority and process to build private toll roads.  ALEC goes out there city by city and starts working the local government process.  It finds a location, no matter how small, where it makes progress and gets laws changed.  It then bundles this work into case studies and model legislation and takes it to other communities.

This is exactly the hard ground work that is needed to take the goodwill BLM has built up with the public and convert it to real change.  And, correct me if I am wrong, I have seen exactly zero interest out of anyone in BLM to do this -- it's all street protest and, among the richer folks, high-profile virtue signaling.

Walter Olson had a link on Twitter to an article my Mailee Smith that really gives one an idea how hard the local work is going to be:

Reformers are calling for broad changes. Many of the contemplated reforms—such as making it easier to fire problem officers—are meant both to protect citizens from police brutality and to protect the vast majority of police officers who serve honorably from having their reputations tarnished by the conduct of a few.

These efforts could prove meaningless, though, in states like Illinois that give public-employee union contracts greater power than state law. Buried deep in the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act, which gives collective bargaining power to police unions, is Section 15, entitled “Act Takes Precedence.” Section 15 explicitly provides that when a government-union contract conflicts with any other law or regulation, the contract prevails.

It would be unthinkable, in any other context, to permit an agreement negotiated by unelected third parties to trump state law—but that’s exactly what Section 15 demands. Illinois could enact the best police reforms in the nation, but those reforms won’t matter if they run contrary to a police-union contract.

Good God, this is awful.

Postscript:  There are a couple of added barriers, I think, beyond just skills and interest that keep Progressives from digging down into these issues

1. Public employees unions have always been a keep political bulwark of the Left, and I think folks on the Left struggle to challenge a public employee union
2. A cynical interpretation is that hard-core Progressives want to chuck democracy altogether, and thus see no reason to do the hard work of making change happen in a democratic system

Update:  One idea that has been raised by Progressive of late is unbundling the police force, taking social work or civil enforcement tasks from them into other groups.  These seem like approaches worth considering -- I always have wondered why traffic or parking enforcement have to be police functions.  However, this would not have addressed recent high-profile shootings that are driving a lot of the anger

@kevindrum writes this yesterday at his blog:

How long will taxpayers put up with threats to stop doing their job every time police forces are asked to make even the smallest change or sacrifice? It’s childish stuff and before long it’s likely to create a backlash that does the police no good.

Long time readers know at this point I am fed up with everyone in the debate on police.  I have been frustrated for years, long before the advent of BLM, at the structural and cultural barriers to holding police accountable for violence against citizens.  But I am equally frustrated at BLM and the Left for frittering away the moment, focusing on violence and looting Apple stores rather than the hard, city by city work of real reform.

Drum is right that the police and their unions tend to oppose even the smallest reforms.  But I do think he is unfair in that he is leaving out the background that the Left is demonizing their entire profession and threatening to cut budgets and salaries -- a lot of folks would get snippy if the world were suddenly demonizing their profession.

But it is an interesting exercise to take the two sentences I quote from Drum and substitute "teachers", another group of government employees currently refusing to fully do their jobs, for "police".

Postscript:  It is interesting to note in this comparison that no one has suggested that police stay home and get paid because of COVID threats, even though their risk is certainly far greater than that of teachers.  I can't believe it, but after years of being a critic of abuses of police and prosecutorial power, the Left is this close to having me leap to the defense of police.  Incredible.

Years ago I was arguing with my mother-in-law about Executive power and the Presidency.  She, like many Obama supporters, was arguing that gridlock in Congress over legislation she considered critical was sufficient justification for President Obama to wield new executive powers and go around Congress.  I told her this was a terrible precedent, and asked if she would be just as happy to have President Lindsey Graham wielding such power (this being the prime Republican bogeyman for her, neither of us even imagining Trump).

So now, Obama (and Bush) precedents firm in hand, Trump is reacting to deadlock in Congress over further stimulus by picking up his pen and firing off some executive orders.  I want to discuss one of these, which is to allow at least temporary non-collection of the employee share of social security and Medicare taxes (a bit over 7.6% of wages).

Leave aside as to whether this is really appropriate stimulus for the current economic problems.  A tax break to people who still have jobs might help in certain recession scenarios, but the current situation of having large numbers of people unemployed because their workplaces have been forcibly closed by the action of various governors probably will not be helped a lot if the employed have more money in their pockets -- the problem is that local government officials are not allowing them to spend it. (I will note that no one ever suggests reducing the employer share of these taxes, which might actually increase employment by reducing total employment costs in a way that changing the employee share does not).

The problem I want to discuss is the terrible situation this potentially creates for businesses like mine.  All Trump can do is defer collection of the tax -- he cannot actually set it to zero or forgive it, which must be done by Congress.  This means that if our business does not withhold these taxes from employees, they accrue and build up as a debt still owed to the government by the employee.  Six months from now, when a new administration takes over and ends the deferral, our employees (who are paid twice a month) might get a deduction in their next paycheck not for 7.6% of wages but 91.2% of a paycheck (12 missed paychecks times 7.6%).

But here is why our company is really screwed:  We have 400 employees today, but since we are a summer seasonal business we will have fewer than 100 in January.  If there is a catch-up repayment in January (meaning Congress chooses not to forgive the taxes altogether), most of my employees who would need to repay the tax will be gone.  Do you think the government is just going to say, "oh well, I guess we lost that money"?  Hah!  You don't know how the government works with tax liens.  My guess is that for every employee no longer on the payroll for whom back employment taxes need to be collected, the government is going to say our company is responsible for those payments instead.  We could be out hundreds of thousands of extra dollars.  President Biden will just say, "well I guess you should not have participated in a Trump program."

So this is the vise we are in:  Either we participate in the program, and risk paying a fortune in extra taxes at some future date, or we don't participate, and have every employee screaming at us for deducting payroll taxes when President Trump told them they did not have to pay it anymore.  And what happens if Congress does come along later and forgive the taxes, what kind of jerk am I for not allowing my employees to benefit from the tax break?

Essentially I am forced to guess what legislation might be in the future.  Sort of the opposite of ex post facto law.  Pre facto law?

Update:  LOL, I r stupid, had "vice" instead of "vise"

I thought this was a really interesting idea.  The COVID lockdowns and colleges going to remote classes has revealed a pretty strong preference among folks paying for the college experience -- they want the classes (or at least the piece of paper that comes from attending the classes) and they want the social experience.  With classes going online, many college students are deferring college for the year, hoping to get both parts of the package next year.  But what if someone unbundled the experience, providing the group social experience in location A while all their customers were taking classes remotely at colleges B, C, E, etc.

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to temporarily — or perhaps permanently — alter the college experience, two Princeton graduates have come up with a new idea: instead of students taking online courses from their bedrooms and couches, they'll take them from a luxe "bubble" hotel full of other students in the same boat.

It's called The U Experience; come fall, it may be hosting 150 students at hotels in Arkansas and Hawaii — and it's currently accepting applications.

The idea began, according to 24-year-old cofounder Lane Russell, when Harvard said it would shift to remote learning for the fall, but would continue to charge full tuition.

"It really made us think about, 'What is the thing that college is offering, and what are students getting out of it?" Russell said. "And we think that, even if a college is announcing something that indicates that the experience is actually worth $0, a lot of students probably do value it much higher than that."

And in the social and extracurricular void that colleges shifting to remote learning leave behind, "disruption and unbundling is called for," according to 27-year-old cofounder Adam Bragg.  That "unbundling" will take the form of two bubble "campuses": one in Waikiki, Hawaii, and the other in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Both are in hotels that Bragg and Russell said they have bought out.

"Something like this could have never been done before — mainly because the separation of a college experience from colleges was never possible. They held the college experience for ransom, and now that they've shifted to online learning, there is an opportunity to do something like this," Bragg said. He added that, pre-pandemic, a complete buyout "wasn't necessarily an interesting thing for a lot of the hotels, or at least they didn't know they had the interest for this thing. And so on both sides, the levels of coordination are a lot higher than was ever possible before."

Postscript:  yes, I know that with poor execution this becomes the Fyre Festival, but I am always a sucker for unbundling models

Here is John Hinderaker at Powerline:

In 2017, Professor Knijnenburg wrote that “all Trump supporters, nay, all Republicans, are racist scum.”...

Why should the people of South Carolina fund this bigot? Why should they allow him to teach their children? They should fire him. Yeah, sure, tenure. But tenure should not protect a professor who is guilty of this kind of overt bigotry.

I am racking my brain to figure out how Hinderaker's plea for a public institution to fire a tenured professor is any different from the run-of-the-mill Leftist cancel culture that the Powerline bloggers often lament?  Narrowly defining an Overton window based on one's own beliefs and then demanding that anyone whose speech falls outside that window should be muzzled and denied a living sure sounds like cancel culture to me.   And there is not even a hedge here like, "well it's a private institution so the 1A does not apply" -- this is a public institution.

I have only seen selected bits of Professor Knijnenburg's academic work that have been cherry-picked by critics such as Hinderaker, but I am willing to believe that this professor does not represent the values I would want to see upheld in an institution of higher learning.  But the solution is to ignore Professor Knijnenburg as the trivial scholar he likely is and go after the folks that run these institutions and demand that they justify their standards for putting together the faculty and awarding tenure.  The problem here is not speech, but the absurdly low standards that obtain in much of academia, even at Ivy League Universities.

I got this in my email today from the state of New Mexico:

Dear Employer,

As of Wednesday, August 5, 2020, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) filed an emergency rule that requires employers to report positive COVID-19 cases to NMED within four hours of being notified of the case. The employer must notify NMED by email at:

Email: NMENV-OSHA@state.nm.us

This kind of thing actually makes it harder for us to keep our workplace safe.  We depend on our employees completing a daily health self-assessment each day and the only way we could coax a number of them into being honest on this survey was to promise them that a) we would take care of them financially through any quarantine and b) their self-assessment would remain confidential.  But now it can't remain confidential in NM.  This is going to make it much harder for us to get honest information from our employees on potential infection, as they are all worried about  -- as they put it -- getting into some government system.  Arguing that this fear is irrational (and I am not sure it is entirely in a world where mayors are turning off power and water to homes they don't obey them) is beside the point, as it is a fear they have and will prevent an honest discussion with some.

Inspired perhaps by back episodes of the Sopranos or his experience with payoffs required in New York to get any real estate development project going, Donald Trump is attempting to establish a regulatory regime right out of any kleptocracy

President Trump confirmed Monday he is open to a deal in which Microsoft Corp.  or another U.S. company buys the video-sharing app TikTok, but said the government should receive payment for clearing a purchase.

“I did say that ‘If you buy it…a very substantial portion of that price is going to have to come into the Treasury of the United States, because we’re making it possible for this deal to happen.’ Right now, they don’t have any rights unless we give it to them.”

Mr. Trump, a former real-estate developer, compared his demand for a piece of the purchase price to the “key money” a tenant who wants a lease pays a landlord.

“It’s a great asset,” Mr. Trump said of TikTok. “But it’s not a great asset in the United States unless they have the approval of the United States,” he said, reiterating that the Treasury should get “a lot of money.”

Great.  Already there are too many regulatory hurdles to doing about anything, and Trump wants agencies to use regulatory approvals to hold up corporations for payments.   And you can be sure this is a precedent the Democrats will be only too happy to latch onto -- want a pipeline built, where's our vig?  Who wants to be that this is the first Trump decision AOC comes out in support of?  The Republican Party sure has come a long way in my lifetime.

As I mentioned last week on twitter, I have retreated from that platform for a variety of reasons and will focus again on long-form blogging of the style this site has been pursuing for 16 years.

For the last several months, I have been a lockdown skeptic, at least for the healthy population under 55 or 60 years old.  I will confess my early tendency toward skepticism was driven as much by the behavior of lockdown hawks as any data or knowledge on my part.  Whenever I hear appeals to authority, use of non-transparent computer model results as facts, politicization of scientific positions, and restrictions on dissent in any scientific issue, I immediately get skeptical of the orthodox position.  As I have watched things unfold, I am increasingly convinced that this virus is (like most new viruses in history) going to run its course until large sections of the population have gained immunity.  Lockdowns, while they may have salutary effects in preventing hospitals from being overwhelmed, just seem to be delaying the inevitable -- when we come out of hiding, reservoirs of the disease are still there and infections mount again.  "Flatten the curve" made sense to me, but that seems as far in the past of political rationals as does the Tiger King mania.

But to some extent my opinion on lockdowns does not matter.  The one thing I AM sure of is that, whether lockdowns are effective or not, it is perfectly reasonable to balance the costs of such interventions against their benefits.  But I remember clearly when this commitment to making thoughtful tradeoffs marked one as practically Hitler.  Many of our intelligentsia, particularly on the Left, argued that it was immoral even to consider effects on the economy of COVID interventions.  I always thought this was ironic, because the worst economic effects were sure to hit lower income folks first -- they had jobs you had to, you know, show up for and they had less savings to weather the storm.   Paraphrasing one of my commenters, "Stay at home, work remotely by computer, and keep up with your family on Zoom" has to be one of the most white privilege government orders ever.  But nevertheless there was the Left self-righteously advising exactly this, with pundit after pundit who had portable jobs writing on a computer criticizing any hair dresser who wanted to actually be able to ply their trade as well.

So I was floored when I saw these charts on Kevin Drum's site as part of a criticism of the Republican reluctance to extend rich unemployment benefits:

You know what my reaction to these charts is?  No sh*t, Sherlock.  Many of us warned of EXACTLY this when the lockdowns began.  And folks on the Left treated our warning as not just irrelevant but evil. They would say, "How can you be so callous as to suggest jobs are more important that lives?"

But wait, now the economic impact of the lockdowns IS a problem?  I refuse to defend the Republican morons in Congress or the White House, but I can say that many of them warned of exactly this problem with the lockdowns while the Democrats were full steam ahead on economic shutdown.  I could accept Drum's post as self-criticism of the sort like "Wow, I really underestimated this when I was advocating for lockdowns" but now, he uses this as a platform to blame other people for the problem.

Libertarians have often highlighted how the government tends to create problems by their actions and then gains more power by saying that it needs to fix the problem its own actions created.   I can't imagine we will ever have a better example of this effect -- here is Drum advocating that the government simply must send more money to help people who were willing, even eager, to work but were not allowed to do so by the government.  COVID has been a socialist dream, converting payment for productive work to payment for breathing.

And let's discuss the exact program he is advocating.  He wants an extension of the Federal unemployment supplement of $600 a week which takes most state benefits to $1000 to $1200 a week.    Realize that is $50,000 to $60,000 a year we are paying people to not work (one only qualifies for these benefits if one does not work -- take a job and they are gone).  Look at the former income levels in his chart -- who is going back to work with this kind of government payment?  We are training people that they should be paid this much for not working and encouraging them not to seek actual employment -- this is a terrible message (and one reason a UBI makes far more sense if we are going to transfer this much money).   I think this is contributing somewhat to the position of the teachers' unions.  The public game now is to get paid and not work.

We have 13+% unemployment and our company has to struggle to hire anyone in these conditions.   I posted this on twitter as a comment on a Paul Krugman post, and his followers dutifully lined up to tell me that it was because I did not pay a fair wage.  People are making $25-$30 an hour on unemployment.  I thought $15 was our idea of "fair" -- are we really going to set $30 as our minimum wage?  Will anyone be employed?

Postscript:  I have one other rant related to employment and COVID.   Every blue check mark and Hollywood star bends over backwards on every occasion to thank health care workers during the pandemic.  Good, I agree, health care work is particularly fraught right now.  But you know who else worked through the pandemic?  I will give you a hint:  I bet you never had problems filling your car with gas, that you always had gas and electricity at home, and that (with a few brief exceptions) you always had plenty of food choices.  There are a lot of folks out there who showed a lot of commitment during COVID on whom we rely, and a lot of them are in industries (oil, manufacturing, farming) the elite of the Left tends to look down its nose at as backwards and inferior.

Postscript #2:  I am well aware that Drum has had significant medical issues that make him likely particularly vulnerable to this virus.  I am thrilled that he has a career he can pursue without endangering himself via public contact.  Our family made certain choices we might not have to protect my 85 year old mother in law.  But I am exhausted with people applying their own personal preferences and risk trade-offs to others who may be in very different situations.

A good many of my conservative friends are in shock at the reaction to the killing of George Floyd.   "We saw the video.  We agree its awful.  No one we know is defending this."

Yes, that is likely true.  The video was pretty damning.  But you see, these things seldom happen on video.  And when they don't, Conservatives are generally in a "believe all cops" mode that is just as ignorant of due process and nuance as the me-too brigades were with Julie Swetnick's crazy accusations about Judge Kavanaugh.

I understand that a great many police officers are good, even laudable people.  But not all are.  And because there are bad apples, we need careful accountability systems for police particularly because we give them powers and responsibilities that go beyond those of ordinary citizens.

The problem with this accountability is that Conservatives tend to go past respecting and supporting police, to fetishizing them.  I get it -- police are really at the core of beliefs for many Conservatives, whose views turn around the fight between civilization and barbarism.  It's hard not to think of this with barbarism in the streets over the last 24 hours.   No matter how much we respect them and need them to be there, we still also have to impose accountability on them.  You Conservatives frequently stand athwart of this accountability (you Progressives too, but I will get to that in the next post).